???? ???? ?? ??? '????? ?? ??? ??'? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??, '???? ?? ??? ?? ? ???. ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???.'?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??. ??? ???? ????? '?? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ?'??? ??, '?? ?? ? ????'?? ?? ???? ??? ????. [27] They had been publishing newspaper content articles advocating for Vietnamese independence beneath the pseudonym